You can be recorded from miles away – Acoustic Survei

you probably clicked this video because
0:02
you value your privacy Or maybe you're
0:04
just really really nosy Or maybe both
0:07
and you're just a walking contradiction
0:09
Either way you definitely came to the
0:11
right place Today I'm going to be
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telling you and showing you just about
0:14
everything that I know about spy
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microphones and acoustic surveillance
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which happens to be a lot We're going to
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be creating invisible laser microphones
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We're going to be turning regular
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microphones into beam forming eavesdrop
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devices We're going to be taking video
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footage of garbage on the floor through
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a zoom lens attached to an insane
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high-speed camera and then later
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reconstructing the sound in the room
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from the subtle vibrations in Excel Yes
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Microsoft Excel And we're even going to
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try bouncing millions of photons around
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the room every second and measuring how
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long they take to return to the sensor
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so we could measure the vibration of
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particular objects So congratulations to
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you You have reached a stairwell down to
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the deepest levels of acoustic absurdity
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Welcome
1:02
Before we get started I want to show you
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something that demonstrates how
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vulnerable we are to audio attacks For
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example I like mechanical keyboards but
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each key has its own slightly unique
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sound And hypothetically somebody could
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break into my studio when I'm not here
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and record each and every key and then
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use AI to decrypt and transcribe
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everything that I'm typing Well this
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isn't hypothetical This is actually
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something that exists right now and it
1:28
totally works Okay but what if somebody
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using one of the techniques that you're
1:31
about to see in this video just recorded
1:32
you typing without training a model of
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any sort or what if you were typing
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while video conferencing i have bad news
1:40
for you There's an algorithm called
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Keyap that attempts to take recorded
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keystrokes compare them to a data set of
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English words and decrypt what you're
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typing by making guesses that get more
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confident over time I decided to put an
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entry-level shotgun mic on one of my
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cameras and put that outside my window
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in the woods and see if any of this was
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even possible After doing a little bit
1:59
of noise isolation and correcting some
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errors in the auto detection Keyap got
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to work It was really slow but running
2:06
it locally helped speed things up quite
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a bit At first it was guessing a lot of
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nonsense and seemingly unable to sort
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out particular words that were important
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to the meaning of the sentence but sure
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enough eventually it more or less
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figured out what I had been typing So
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yeah maybe it's time I look for a
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quieter keyboard All right let's start
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our descent into spy
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microphones When most people think about
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wiretapping or audio surveillance they
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just think of a bug or a transmitter or
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recording device that you could put in
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the same room as the person that you
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want to spy on And I'm sure this is not
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news to anybody watching this but you
2:39
could get one of these devices for like
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$20 on Amazon A lot of people don't know
2:43
about this but Apple even has this live
2:45
listen feature where you could just hide
2:46
your phone somewhere put in your AirPods
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and then listen to what's happening in
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the room with your phone live While
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doing that certainly constitutes spying
2:54
the microphones themselves are not made
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for that The most basic level of spy
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microphone to me anyway would be one
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with directional polar patterns which
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I'm using right now to spy on my mouth
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and not whatever noise is happening over
3:07
here or here or back there You know what
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let's do a brief test of some different
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types of directional microphones to see
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how they perform at a distance Come on
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So I'm standing directly in front of the
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camera about 100 feet away And I suppose
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the first thing we'll try is a digital
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Sony shotgun mic And it doesn't even
3:22
require you to plug it into the side of
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the camera It just goes on the hot shoe
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on top For anybody who's photography or
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videography I know what that means Next
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up is the Rode NT something something
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Here it is It costs about $1,000 and
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it's what I would consider a
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professional grade shotgun mic Although
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it's not really built for 100 foot
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distances it does seem to isolate noise
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very well at mid-range distances For
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example when I'm in my studio here
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recording a video and the air
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conditioner kicks on And now you're
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hearing me through my custom parabolic
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microphone which is considered to be a
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step up from shotgun microphones This
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isn't the most directional parabolic
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I've ever heard because it's mostly
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designed to record things at really
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really high frequencies so I could slow
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them down and listen to things like
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birds and bats Some of the more modern
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ones like this Sony actually have little
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microphones on the back that invert the
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phase of the audio that's coming in from
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behind and then apply it to the audio in
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front which actually cancels it out
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That's what you're hearing right now By
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the way there's no post production put
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on this at all As long as you have more
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than one microphone there are some
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tricks that you could try to try and
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hone in on a specific sound For example
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this is just an XY stereo pair So the
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wave file it creates will have two
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different files So if we take both of
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those files make two different mono
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files then invert the phase of the audio
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from the microphone that's pointed away
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from me and then copy and paste it over
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the waveform of the microphone that is
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pointed at me we should have some decent
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noise
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reduction The word beam forming sounds
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incredibly sci-fi and cool but the
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technology is being used one way or
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another everywhere from webcams to
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mobile phones It's essentially a
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different application of the techniques
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used in noise cancelling headphones With
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noise cancelling the sound of your
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surroundings are being phase inverted
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and then played back into your ears This
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is more or less what a midside
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microphone does but they're typically
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engineered to focus on clarity of an
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instrument or vocal recording rather
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than the extended range for spying
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Midside microphones typically work by
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creating polar patterns that look like
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boobies butts farts coming out of butts
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and of course balls But other than a
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wide selection of pornographic
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illustrations midside microphones look
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at audio phase as negative and positive
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And by recording both of those it allows
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you to do a bit more in post-production
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like widening or limiting the stereo
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field Now when you add another
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microphone or plane to this equation we
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get to see the balls in the third
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dimension but that also opens up the
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world of spherical harmonics These
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microphones typically have a tetrahedral
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design Moving up to second order
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ambisonics gives us a much finer
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resolution And those microphones
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typically have an ocahedral design Or I
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guess technically it would be an
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ocahedron I have no idea As one might
5:54
guess the math involved in using
5:56
pressure and frequencies to manipulate
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sound in the form of three-dimensional
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blobs is a bit outside the scope of this
6:02
video But higher order ambisonic
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techniques work insanely well at beam
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forming especially if you're recording
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at a high resolution bit rate that
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allows you to digitally amplify nearly
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silent sounds
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Like most red-blooded Americans I have a
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tiny speaker quietly playing Franklin D
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Roosevelt's wartime speeches played on a
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concrete lamb in my yard And if you were
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to sit here right in the middle even
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when the chickens and the wind are quiet
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and not making any noise you cannot hear
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it But when we use higher order
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ambisonics to amplify negative pressure
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everywhere except for this one spherical
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harmonic blob we can hear it rather well
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small monuments will be raised again
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Just out of curiosity I want to see what
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Adobe's voice isolation model does
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Grateful British It is a small sad
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effect but monuments rather future Now
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before you run out and drop a couple
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grand on an ambisonic microphone we
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should talk about some of the cons In
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order to use ambisonics properly outside
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of just converting what you capture to a
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game engine or something for surround
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sound you do have to learn a little bit
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of math and a little bit of physics as
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the whole concept is based on Lap Lac's
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equation And honestly that sounds a lot
7:33
more gatekeepy and intimidating than it
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actually is So if this is something
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you're fascinated with dive right
7:39
in In 2017 a much younger-l lookinging
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and spritly version of myself made a
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video where I built a laser microphone
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that could hear what was happening in a
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room by reflecting a laser beam off of a
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window into a photo diode
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I even attempted to decrease the overall
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power of the laser and mess with the
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phase a bit so it would only send a
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signal over a high threshold so it would
8:01
be less visible to the human eye and
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therefore a better spy microphone Well
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I'm back Making a laser audio
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communicator or microphone is actually a
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very accessible project And the laser
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microphone starter pack looks a bit like
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this or this But instead of doing that
8:16
stuff I wanted to try something that I
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had only heard about in spy lore and KGB
8:20
and CIA conspiracy theories but never
8:23
found a demonstration of or any evidence
8:25
that it was actually done Something that
8:27
is actually a little bit
8:29
dangerous I actually had to be very
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careful with this one Even though I had
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some unique tools to help me guide the
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laser a mistake could injure myself or
8:38
others This might sound dramatic but
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keep in mind that infrared lasers are
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not only invisible to the human eye but
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their focused radiation can burn skin
8:45
and damage DNA a lot more than other
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visible wavelengths TLDDR do not
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with infrared lasers unless you're a
8:51
professional At the very minimum with
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this invisible light I needed to be able
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to see what I was doing when focusing
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the beam Unfortunately some 15 years ago
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I took apart my DSLR removed the filter
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that removed infrared light as it's
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generally just disruptive in normal
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photography and I replaced it with a
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narrowand filter that removes all
9:08
visible light instead Now it's a fancy
9:10
pants infrared camera that makes just
9:12
about everything look really creepy and
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surreal Using live preview I was able to
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capture the beam while also blowing
9:19
non-nicotine vape at it which also
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tastes like funnel cake so that was an
9:22
added bonus I won't go too in the weeds
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but after a lot of trial and error I
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found the right combination of
9:27
resistance voltage regulators amplifiers
9:29
and photo dodes to get audio to work
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from A to B I also installed a filter to
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dampen the visible light spectrum on the
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receiving end due to there being less
9:37
infrared light than other wavelengths
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This actually improved the quality over
9:41
my prior experiments Weirdly the pulse
9:43
width resolution was much clearer than
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my standard red or green lasers which I
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assume is due to the visible ambient
9:49
light interference So let's wait until
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the middle of the night lock up the pets
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carefully set this up and test my
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infrared beam bouncing off of my studio
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window Just like I did in the video 8
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years ago I put on Night of the Living
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Dead because it's a public domain film
10:02
and won't result in a copyright SWAT
10:04
team knocking down my door I played the
10:05
movie at normal TV watch and volume and
10:08
then spent an absurdly long time trying
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to use a combination of my infrared
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modified camera and a fog machine to
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line up the beams
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I feel in a dream of a light in a
10:22
familiar act environment Throwing sticks
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at the window sounds so cool
10:29
I'd call this experiment a success Also
10:31
a huge expensive dangerous pain in the
10:34
ass None of this went to waste though I
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now have a ton of new laser components
10:37
to play with which I've accidentally
10:39
discovered makes incredible sounding
10:41
digital threshold distortion
10:50
And in the end of that laser microphone
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video I made 8 years ago I had a wild
10:54
idea that seemed like a high-tech
10:56
fantasy Another concept that I'd love to
10:58
try but can't afford is using a very
11:00
high-speed camera to simply take video
11:01
of a laser beam on a surface such as a
11:03
wall and simply allows decoding of the
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vibrations in post by isolating the
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green dot Someday Well young Ben I've
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made it and it's time to live that
11:13
fantasy And we don't even need a laser
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at all
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When we listen to something like this a
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simple synthesizer tone we tend to take
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what's really going on for granted In
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physics when you look at this phenomenon
11:26
through a mathematical lens you're not
11:28
thinking about tones but oscillations or
11:30
periodic functions of compressions and
11:32
rare factions in the air that are
11:34
playing so fast that our brains can't
11:36
register the speed of what's happening
11:38
But when you slow things down a whole
11:40
lot those details with the periodic
11:42
functions can become visible to us When
11:44
you treat this video that has
11:46
1,440 frames per second like
11:50
a440 hertz audio file you can count 512
11:55
vibration cycles for every second And
11:57
that resonance sped up to real time
11:59
sounds to
12:01
us want the most painfully accurate way
12:04
to tune a guitar This low E is 82.41
12:08
hertz For every 10 times the E string
12:11
oscillates an A string will oscillate
12:13
about 13 times or 110 times per second
12:16
and so on We can observe the tuning fork
12:18
doing something particularly interesting
12:20
at this speed It's vibrating in
12:22
different places slow and fast These
12:25
vibrations affect one another and
12:27
complement each other's continuity And
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that's why a tuning fork or a bell or
12:31
most metallic objects have resonating
12:33
overtones when we hear them Let's zoom
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into this speaker hooked up to a tone
12:37
generator Here's a sine wave or a square
12:40
wave or a saw wave The smoothness or
12:43
harshness of the sounds are directly
12:45
correlated with the motion But what if
12:47
we meticulously tracked these vibrations
12:50
and plotted them in a time series
12:51
relative to the frames on the high-speed
12:54
camera by manipulating this fourth
12:56
temporal dimension can we hear sound
12:58
with our eyes we got to try The first
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thing I had to do was make a test file
13:03
to calibrate these two different mediums
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a low C for 100 milliseconds C1 for 100
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milliseconds C2 for 100 milliseconds and
13:09
so on This shouldn't even matter above
13:11
800 hertz due to the Nyquist sampling
13:13
theorem which in a nutshell tells us
13:15
that audio can only be accurately
13:17
portrayed at half the total frequency of
13:19
its sampling rate And of course since
13:21
we're making the ultimate spy microphone
13:23
here we need to see if we can make out
13:26
words from these vibrations
13:28
If this works you should be terrified
13:30
There are some videos here on YouTube
13:32
about a group of MIT scientists who came
13:34
up with a clever way of doing this by
13:35
extracting tones from a bag of potato
13:37
chips I had an idea that would possibly
13:39
be more accurate and for me and you at
13:42
least kind of fun Okay so to see if this
13:44
is even possible we need to record a
13:46
speaker cones vibrations at 1440 frames
13:50
per second and then we need to extract
13:52
precise data from those vibrations
13:54
Fortunately there's an amazing open-
13:55
source tool that has the capabilities of
13:57
doing this that I had installed and
13:59
completely forgot about This is called
14:01
Tracker and it generally has nothing to
14:03
do with music except in this case it
14:05
does Generally if you're tracking
14:06
something on here like a double pendulum
14:08
or something you want to put a sticker
14:09
on the tracking point cuz that just
14:11
makes it easier I guess this little
14:12
speck will be the thing that we track
14:15
throughout this We're only going to be
14:16
tracking one plane but we still should
14:18
set a coordinate axis This is going to
14:21
arguably be the toughest part of the
14:23
whole
14:36
thing We had to get a little in the
14:39
weeds here to get this between negative
14:42
1 and positive one Like the most math
14:45
I've ever done in Excel I think All
14:46
right here is our text file 32-bit float
14:50
1440
14:52
hertz All right the moment of truth
14:58
Not only was that a success it was
14:59
actually way easier to set up than I
15:01
anticipated But now it's time to try the
15:03
same thing on an empty grocery store bag
15:05
a few feet away from the speaker playing
15:07
sound at a medium volume Initially not
15:09
so great but after some time and trial
15:11
and error on that footage I was
15:12
eventually able to make out the speech
15:14
by using some noise filtering and tweaks
15:16
with the data But I really wanted to
15:18
know if the limitation here was the
15:20
frequency range leaving out vibrations
15:22
in the bag itself or if it was from my
15:24
capture methods 1,440 frames per second
15:28
in HD video is kind of just insane 1
15:32
minute of video at that speed is an
15:33
entire hour that I have to sort through
15:35
and play back But in the digital audio
15:37
realm CD quality audio is over 30 times
15:40
more detailed than that Last year I made
15:42
a video where I built a sound camera And
15:44
a whole lot of that video was exploring
15:46
vibration amplification algorithms which
15:48
is a handy and totally random knowledge
15:50
to have fresh in my memory and in my
15:52
virtual environments folder So I ran a
15:54
bunch of tests using these algorithms to
15:55
amplify the vibration of the bag footage
15:57
And while it worked nicely it wasn't
15:59
very accurate I mean it's accurate but
16:01
not accurate enough to be useful at an
16:03
audio rate I did try converting it out
16:05
to audio just to make sure but I just
16:07
got a bunch of false noise Some of those
16:09
same MIT engineers that worked on the
16:10
vibration amplification also worked on a
16:12
vibration microphone technique that
16:14
actually made some waves in audio
16:16
science circles a few years ago And I
16:18
have the code And even though the code
16:19
required a lot of patching up to work
16:21
after about 10 hours of CPU grinding for
16:24
3 seconds of audio the algorithm did
16:28
work It just didn't work nearly as well
16:30
as the method we tried earlier So let's
16:32
check the score here MIT zero high
16:34
school dropout one Just kidding Just
16:36
because I couldn't make it work well
16:38
doesn't mean that it doesn't work well
16:40
In fact Veritassium did a video on it a
16:42
few years ago and it seemed to work
16:43
pretty impressively Okay so a lot more
16:45
grinding and trial and error on the ever
16:47
so subtly vibrating bag and napkin and
16:50
we got
16:53
this It's pretty insane to think that
16:56
with enough time money and effort
16:58
anywhere you can be seen you may also be
17:01
able to be heard But I have one more
17:03
vibration snooping trick up my sleeve
17:07
If time offlight technology rings a bell
17:09
for you that's because the first big
17:11
commercial introduction of it was for
17:13
the connect sensor for the Xbox 360 in
17:16
2010 which was an insane deal on a
17:18
purely technological hardware level A
17:20
time offlight sensor works by shooting
17:22
infrared dots all over a room and then
17:25
it measures their distance and
17:26
three-dimensional axis by constantly
17:28
photographing them at high speeds then
17:30
dividing the response speed by the speed
17:32
of light It's absolutely mental You may
17:35
have also heard about it in reference to
17:36
self-driving cars as it provides a way
17:39
that they can detect and confirm objects
17:41
like other vehicles Looney Tuned
17:42
backdrops and of course fake children
17:46
Except for Tesla of course and cars It's
17:48
freaking stupid It's expensive and
17:51
unnecessary Someone should make a video
17:53
about this 2 years ago The reason I'm
17:55
not using a LAR sensor for this is
17:56
because while it's superior in range the
17:58
sensors aren't designed for focusing on
18:00
one dot Most LAR sensors are a laser
18:02
version of this thing that spins around
18:04
at high speeds like a radar and measures
18:06
time offlight 360 degrees around the
18:09
camera sensor So the sensors themselves
18:11
are just not optimized for a high frame
18:13
per second of a stationary object And
18:15
I'm hoping to push the time of flight
18:17
sensor above 90 frames per second Once
18:19
we finish that programming and
18:21
logistical nightmare we have all these
18:23
frames of me sitting at my computer desk
18:25
listening to music which translates to
18:27
millions of points per frame and over a
18:29
billion points total Absurdly enough if
18:31
I had a bunch of supercomputers handy I
18:34
would be able to just open up these
18:35
point cloud frames in Excel and look at
18:37
these precise 3D data points for the
18:40
entire room 90 times per second
18:42
Fortunately point cloud analysis is very
18:44
much a thing within the sunlightless
18:46
depths of physics and engineering And
18:48
there's software that we can use to view
18:50
study compare and most importantly
18:52
execute algorithms to process this data
18:55
Okay so let's take these frames from
18:57
this scene here and only extract the
18:59
motion After like hours and hours here
19:02
you go We can do something similar to
19:04
our last segment by setting a sort of
19:06
calibration stick and extracting the
19:08
data of particular points We can then
19:10
plot that data over a time series and
19:12
voila we have extremely lowresolution
19:15
three-dimensional audio that is useful
19:17
to no one However many point cloud
19:20
cameras are designed to work well with
19:22
other point cloud cameras not only to
19:24
get more complete views but to error
19:25
correct one another And in this case if
19:28
someone had the time and money they
19:29
could stagger these 90 frames per second
19:31
point cloud cameras So each one of them
19:33
has an exclusive phase And if you were
19:35
to get I don't know 10 of those you
19:37
would have 900 frames per second which
19:39
would get you up to 450 hertz of audio
19:42
But who in the world do you know that
19:44
has that much time and money and
19:46
obsession and determination to do
19:48
something like that oh not me If I did I
19:51
surely wouldn't spend it on dozens of
19:52
expensive point cloud sensors and
19:54
computers to shittily do the same thing
19:56
that a $20 microphone does But there is
19:58
a really good and concerning reason why
20:00
this is such a deep level on my list
20:03
Theoretically considering that time of
20:05
flight works up to 3,000 m or 1.8 mi
20:08
with enough determination you'd be able
20:10
to do what my laser microphone does but
20:12
with the added benefit of isolating
20:14
different objects for direct vibration
20:17
analysis Now imagine what one could
20:19
accomplish setting that up across the
20:20
street from the White House And it gets
20:22
a whole lot more interesting or scary of
20:24
course Now I'm going to add in a
20:26
theoretical bonus level just beneath
20:28
that I have one more idea to engineer
20:31
and create the ultimate insanely
20:33
highresolution spy microphone or more of
20:35
a new and radical type of microphone in
20:38
general After a ton of tinkering and
20:41
exploring in this video I kept thinking
20:42
to myself man I wish I worked in a big
20:44
lab and had access to an interferometer
20:47
And then I started reading about how
20:48
they worked and one thing led to another
20:50
And now I'm happy to announce that I'm
20:52
officially building an intererometer
20:53
table And if I'm successful in this
20:55
endeavor it will absolutely be a video
20:57
of its own and probably the coolest
20:58
thing I'll ever do on this channel But
21:00
to give you a quick rundown a
21:01
Michaelelsson interferometer takes a
21:03
beam of light splits it into two beams
21:05
then slows down the speed of one of them
21:07
before merging it back And by looking at
21:09
the physical output on a backdrop this
21:12
gives you a way to observe the alternate
21:14
phase patterns and interference patterns
21:16
or superp position of both beams You can
21:18
observe movement in pometers which is a
21:21
billionth of a millimeter So even the
21:22
most subtle vibration that no camera or
21:25
algorithm can detect will be visible and
21:27
clear Elon Musk can finally measure his
21:29
penis As far as I know this would be the
21:31
world's most sensitive microphone And it
21:33
kind of transcends the novelty of spy
21:35
microphones because hearing quantum
21:36
sounds for the first time is infinitely
21:38
cooler than eavesdropping on someone
21:45
Whether you're using a standard
21:46
microphone or in invisible infrared
21:48
laser or a million-doll vibration
21:51
sensing setup there is one thing that I
21:53
should point out In the US at least if
21:55
you're standing on a sidewalk or in a
21:57
park or anywhere in public and you can
21:59
see someone from public view that does
22:01
not give you the legal right to record
22:04
their conversation or anything like that
22:06
If we were in a public park right now
22:08
and you were standing a few feet away
22:09
from me you probably could record me
22:12
because I have no reason to expect
22:14
privacy in that situation But when I get
22:16
into my vehicle I do have an expectation
22:18
of privacy because an ambient level
22:20
conversation cannot be heard from
22:22
outside of it And I have no reason to
22:24
expect that somebody would be shooting
22:26
an infrared laser at the windshield or
22:29
recording high-speed video of my mouth
22:31
to snoop on whatever is coming out of it
22:33
In other words using any of the
22:34
techniques or technology that you saw in
22:36
this video to record somebody without
22:38
their consent in their home or office
22:41
etc is almost certainly against the law
22:43
and in a lot of states it's a felony
22:45
There is no technology that I could
22:47
think of that would help you get around
22:48
that little legal pickle Nor should
22:50
there be A lot of times when I make
22:52
videos like this viewers get concerned
22:54
that whatever it is that I'm showing you
22:55
will then be used by law enforcement or
22:57
tyrannical governments The reason I'm
22:59
not concerned about this and the reason
23:01
why you shouldn't really be concerned
23:02
about this is pretty simple and has very
23:04
little to do with ethics or personal
23:05
beliefs To give you an example freelance
23:07
forensic science work for the FBI pays
23:10
about $40 an hour and that's about the
23:12
same across other highle government
23:14
agencies In fact I did do some acoustic
23:16
related research work for Homeland
23:17
Security some years ago Don't worry
23:19
nothing nefarious or even that
23:20
interesting And my pay per day was less
23:22
than what Yamaha was paying me to make
23:24
presets for a synthesizer But if you'll
23:26
allow me to realign your worries a
23:28
little bit you could worry about the
23:30
police cherry-picking the information
23:31
that they present to a judge to obtain a
23:33
warrant to put a much more affordable
23:35
bug in your house or wiretap your phone
23:37
because that is something that happens
23:38
Now a word from my sponsor you my
23:41
Patreon members They made all of this
23:43
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23:57
for watching Keep creating Bye